Led display model tfs 4u2see
Crucially, Mϕs in each tissue display unique epigenetic landscapes contributing to specialised transcriptional profiles, , suggesting that each tissue-resident Mϕ population will have some functions that are specific for their tissue of residence. Thus, it seems that the local environment into which the progenitor enters decides the fate and functions of the differentiated Mϕ. All Mϕ progenitors were shown to be capable of generating functional lung Alveolar Mϕs (AMs) when transferred into neonatal Csf2rb2 -/- mice and similarly in the liver, the transcriptional profile of monocyte-derived Kupffer cells (KCs) was highly homologous to the profile from their embryonic counterparts. While the precise contribution of origin to tissue-resident Mϕ function is an ongoing question, there is considerable evidence that origin may not be the deciding factor in determining function. Rather Mϕs perform an array of functions during the innate immune response and in the initiation of inflammation, as well as contributing to tissue development, homeostasis and repair. While Mϕs are specialised in phagocytosis, this is not their only role.
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The term macrophage is derived from the Greek words makros and phagein and literally means ‘big eater’. However, in accessible tissues, such as the liver and spleen, BM monocytes can engraft and contribute to the tissue-resident Mϕ pool during both the neonatal window and in certain tissues, such as the intestine, during adulthood, ,, ,. Originally proposed by Van Furth to be part of the mononuclear phagocyte system, originating from bone marrow (BM) derived monocytes, it is now clear that tissue-resident Mϕs are derived during embryogenesis from yolk-sac Mϕs and/or fetal liver monocytes, ,. Macrophages (Mϕs), first described over a century ago by Ellie Metchnikoff, are found in most tissues of the body. In addition, we highlight the current questions limiting our understanding of the role of macrophages in lipid metabolism. As it is now appreciated that cell metabolism not only provides energy but also greatly influences the phenotype and function of the cell, here we review how lipid metabolism affects macrophage phenotype and function and the specific roles played by macrophages in the pathogenesis of lipid-related diseases.
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One such putative accessory function is lipid metabolism, with macrophages in the lung and liver in particular being associated with this function. These ‘extra’ tissue-specific functions have been termed accessory functions. Recent research has highlighted that these profiles enable the different macrophage populations to perform distinct functions as required in their tissue of residence, in addition to the prototypical macrophage functions such as in innate immunity. Distinct macrophage populations throughout the body display highly heterogeneous transcriptional and epigenetic programs.